This Working Paper analyses the main narratives on migration developed in traditional and social media around three different events in Spain: the Ceuta migration crisis in May 2021, with more than 10,000 irregular arrivals (including 1,500 minors) in less than 48 hours; the publication of a poster blaming unaccompanied minors of causing too much welfare expenditures, produced by the extreme right-wing party VOX during a regional electoral campaign in Madrid, in May 2021; and the jihadist terrorist attacks carried out in Barcelona and Cambrils (Catalonia) in August 2017.

In line with BRIDGES Work Package 3 main objectives, this report addresses four interrelated questions: who gains access to the public arena and shapes prevailing narratives; where these narratives emerge and what path they take; what the main features of successful narratives are; and in which contexts and circumstances (thus when) certain narratives obtain a competitive edge. In terms of methodology, each event is analysed on the basis of the news published during the peak period (around two weeks) by three major newspapers (national and local) and two prime-time TV newscasts, as well as on social media data from Twitter. Though the three events are very different in nature, their analysis shows an increasing politicisation of immigration but with very particular features that still characterise the uniqueness of the Spanish case in the European context.